The company modified and improved the basic design of the Henry rifle, creating the first Winchester rifle: the Model 1866. 4 Why didnt they use repeating rifles in the Civil War? JSTOR. Marked "One of One Thousand", they sold for a then pricey $100 (equivalent to $2,500 in 2021). It was stated that one man armed with a Henry Rifle had the power to take out a dozen men with . 6 How did technology change during the Civil War? This became the Henry rifle of 1860, which was manufactured by the New Haven Arms Company, and used in considerable numbers by certain Union army units in the American Civil War. It does not store any personal data. It's predecessor was the New Havens Arms Company,which produced the 1860 Henry rifle. It also was a magazine rifle, not tubular. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Reproductions of the rifle are now made in Japan and imported by Browning Arms Company. Oliver Winchester buys control of New Haven Arms Company and changes name to the Winchester Repeating Arms Company. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Because soldiers in general and infantrymen in particular operate as part of a combined-arms army, where armor, artillery and aircraft contribute so much to the outcome of a battle, it would be hyperbole to say that a rifle won a war or changed the outcome of a battle. Chuck Connors photos courtesy of Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions. For more than two centuries, Westley Richards has produced some of the worlds finest firearms, each wearing a timeless and classic look with bespoke flourishes. Promotions included a search for "One of One Thousand" rifles by Universal Studios, with advertisements in sporting magazines and posters in sporting goods stores. When was the last Winchester lever action rifle made? The realities of World War I brought about a change of heart toward Winchesters lever-actions. [22], Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson of Norwich, Connecticut, acquired the Jennings patent from Robbins & Lawrence, as well as shop foreman Benjamin Tyler Henry. P.20.1563. The '73, famous as "the gun that won the West," was originally chambered as a .44-40, but was later also available as a .38-40 and .32-20. Though it was initially too expensive for most shooters, the Model 1894 went on to become one of the best-selling hunting rifles of all time it had the distinction of being the first sporting rifle to sell over one million units, ultimately selling over seven million before U.S.-production was discontinued in 2006. Up until then, all Winchesters used a toggle-link action. When did Amerigo Vespucci become an explorer? It does not store any personal data. Finally Sells Japan Tomahawk Missiles, Russia Says Its 'Satan-2' Missile Will Deploy Soon, Russias New Warhead Is an Engine of Destruction, The Weapons Ukraine Needs to Turn Back Russia. Unlike their tube-magazine predecessors, these Model 1895s had a more practical box magazine. Authors:Ashley Cuffia,Science Reference & Research Specialist, Science, Technology and Business Division, Note: This guide is based on one originally createdin2006. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The Model 1894 was first chambered for the .32-40 and .38-55 cartridges, and later, a variety of calibers such as .25-35 WCF, .30-30, and .32 Winchester Special. Only when the trigger ring was pulled fully would the rifle fire. [30], Introduced to celebrate the American Centennial Exposition, the Model 1876 earned a reputation as a durable and powerful hunting rifle. Nelson King succeeded B. Tyler Henry as the plant superintendent by the beginning of the year. The lever-action firearm has a large metal lever located behind the trigger. Men-at-Arms 471. The Winchesters groundbreaking design made it the favorite of President Teddy Roosevelt, Annie Oakley, and countless others. Approximately 136 "One of One Thousand" Model 1873s were sold, and only eight "One of One Hundreds". By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. A few were used by the Confederacy. Inventors and military men devised new types of weapons, such as the repeating rifle and the submarine, that forever changed the way that wars were fought. He had a magazine of caps built into its receiver, and as the weapons action cycled, a round loaded into the chamber and a percussion cap went into position automatically. The guns started to reach Union soldiers by 1862. Arguably the most famous and recognizable rifle of the Old West, the 1873 is a true icon of the frontier. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It was originally chambered to fire two metallic black powder . The first Winchester rifle the Winchester Model 1866 was originally chambered for the rimfire .44 Henry. In many respects, the Model 1886 was a true American express rifle, as it could be chambered in the more powerful black powder cartridges of the day, such as the .45-70 Government, long a Winchester goal. Nearly faithful in design to the original, including the trigger disconnect safety, sliding dustcover, and a crescent-shaped buttplate, it incorporates two safety improvements: a firing pin block preventing it from moving forward unless the trigger is pulled, and a cartridge carrier modification to eject used casings away from the shooter. It was patented in 1860 and gave one man the single power of a dozen marksmen. Unlike older Winchester lever actions it came grooved for scope mounting. Hunts original Volition Rifle was ingenious but cumbersome, so he sold the design to a businessman who hired gunsmith Lewis Jennings to improve it. Both rifles used an ingenious form of ammunition called the Volition or rocket ball, which had a propellant charge in its base. How did technology change during the Civil War? The Winchester Repeating Rifle, as it was now known, proved the ideal weapon for settlers and cowboys, as they galloped across the plains they were now claiming as their own. How do food preservatives affect the growth of microorganisms? In 1856, Oliver F. Winchester established a small factory in New Haven to manufacture Volcanic-pattern pistols and rifles. The late 1860s and 70s saw pioneers, cowboys, and speculators push West, and with them they took a new kind of weapon: the Winchester Repeating Rifle. While it was predominantly Union soldiers who carried the Henry, Confederate President Jefferson Davis armed his bodyguards with captured Henry repeating rifles. Here, he explains their advantages and disadvantagesand how to use them safely. Your browser is out of date and may not be able to properly display our website. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The 1866 was a 14-shot . It retained the .44 Henry cartridge, was likewise built on a bronze-alloy frame, and had an improved magazine and a wooden forearm. Along with the Colt Single Action Army, the Winchester is one of the iconic weapons of 19th century America. Answer (1 of 2): Question:HOW MUCH DID A WINCHESTER RIFLE COST IN 1860. Guerra del Pacifico", "The military rifle cartridges of the Dominican Republic: from .50-70 to 5.56mm", "The military rifle cartridges of Honduras from Cortez to zelaya", "The military rifle cartridges of Guatemala", "The military Rifle Cartridges of El Salvador: from conquistadors to Civil War", "The military rifle cartridges of Costa Rica: arms of Latin America's most "peaceful" country", "Siamese Thai: Military Rifle cartridges. During the Civil War, the 15-shot Henry rifle was available for usehowever, it cost four times that of the Springfield. Like other Western guns, the Winchester grabbed the publics imagination in films like Winchester '73 starring Jimmy Stewart, or Stagecoach and True Grit starring John Wayne, to name a few. Logos of thevarious shooting, historical and wildlife conservation organizations are also used by permission. To both celebrate and enhance the Model 1873's prestige, Winchester established a coveted "One of One Thousand" grade in 1875. [27], In 2014, a weathered Model 1873 was found leaning against a tree in Great Basin National Park. It proved to be a huge commercial success. The company modified and improved the basic design of the Henry rifle, creating the first Winchester rifle: the Model 1866. 3 What was the most famous repeating rifle? [29] While similar in design to the 1873, the 1876 was actually based on a prototype 1868 lever-action rifle that was never commercially produced by Winchester. The Henry Repeating Rifle carried up to 16 rounds and was a direct descendant of Hunt's Volitional Repeating Rifle. How long does a 5v portable charger last? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The 9422 action design was original and extremely reliable. It was Mr. Henry whom first conceived the lever action repeating rifle. 5 Who was the inventor of the repeating rifle? Confederates called the Henry "that damned Yankee rifle that they load on Sunday and shoot all week!"[23]. Russian Muskets like this one (above), were Model 1895 variants chambered in 7.62x54 mm R, per Winchesters contract with the Russian Empire. Assets of Spencer Company purchased by Winchester. Watch on. Osprey Publishing.p 37. A list of modern browsers is below; simply click an icon to go to the browsers download page. Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 13:45, "Jornada de Historia Militar en Antofagasta. [28], The Winchester Model 1876, or Centennial Model, was a heavier-framed rifle than the Models 1866 and 1873, chambered for full-powered centerfire rifle cartridges suitable for big-game hunting, rather than the handgun-sized rimfire and centerfire rounds of its predecessors. Repeating rifles were a significant advance over the preceding single-shot breechloading rifles when used for military combat, as they allowed a much greater rate of fire. Jennings patented numerous improvements and sold thousands of rifles by 1851. It was designed to capture the image of the traditional lever-actions with exposed hammer, straight grip, tube magazine and barrel bands. 5501, which protected improvements to the Henry Rifle. As it didn't need to be reloaded, it was especially handy when fighting on horseback. The new technology included a spring-closed loading port on the right-hand side of the frame, directly at the rear of the magazine tube, and resulted in the first reliable lever-action repeating rifle, produced as the first Winchester, Model 1866. In 1890 they introduced the .22 Winchester Rimfire cartridge (now obsolete). Here are a few highlights from the early years: Winchester entered the shotshell market in 1886 with Rival brand ammo in 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 gauge. The mention or depiction of any individual, entity, product or service hereindoes not constituteendorsementand is considered fair usage for such educational and informational purposes. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The Winchester rifles next big jump came in 1886. The Winchester name and company have gone through a tumultuous ride over the last 150+ years, so in order to understand where Winchester products . Copyright 2023 National Rifle Association. Firearms and Warfare on the Gold and Slave Coasts from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries. The Journal of African History, vol. Henry abandoned the rocket ball ammunition and converted the rifle to fire the more powerful and more reliable .44 caliber rimfire ammo. conducting research in the Science and Business Reading Room. The iron-framed, lever-action rifle was ideal in a saddle scabbard or at the homestead, ready to take care of any chore a revolver couldn't handle. The Model 1892 incorporates a much-stronger Browning action that was a scaled-down version of the Model 1886. While still with the company Smith went a step further and added a cylindrical copper case to hold the bullet and powder with the primer in the case rim, thus creating one of the most significant inventions in firearms history, the metallic rimfire cartridge. In the early 20th century, the rifle's designation was abbreviated to "Model 94", as was done with all older Winchester designs still in production (for example, Model 97, Model 12, etc.). This design endured for decades. The U.S. Oliver Winchester died in December, 1880 at the age of 70, but both his name and his company survive. Decades of experience with handguns and holsters have given the author some excellent insights into the most popular designs. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. T&C; takes a tour of the family's summer compound and trace their complicated, fascinating . In addition, Winchester arms were produced by Miroku of Japan. THERE IS NOTHING as American as the Winchester rifle. [25] A popular 1950 Western starring James Stewart, Winchester '73, was based on the coveted gun. The first lever-action to bear the Winchester name, the Model 1866, was an improved version of the Henry rifle. Production ended in 2005. These rifles were used in the 1877 Russo-Turkish War, causing much surprise when outnumbered Turks at the Siege of Plevna inflicted many times more casualties than their opponents armed with single-shot Krnka and Berdan rifles. Model 1873 rifles were produced until 1923. A fascinating history of the family behind the popular firearm that changed America and the world Arguably the world's most famous firearm, the Winchester Repeating Rifle was sought after by a cast of characters ranging from the settlers of the American West to the Ottoman Empire's Army. The range of these muskets was about 250 yards. The Winchester Model 1895 was in full power military cartridges, 30/06, 30/40 Krag and even .303 British. The Winchester Model 1886. in 1867; the Winchester Repeating Arms Company moved to New Haven in 1871. 1866 brought major changes. The rifle that became the Winchester had a long, tortuous . He was assigned U.S. patent No. Winchester Lever-Action repeating rifles are an integral part of the folklore of the American West. Winchester was the first company to manufacture a civilian rifle chambered for the new smokeless propellants, and although delays prevented the .30-30 cartridge from appearing on the shelves until 1895, it remained the first commercially available smokeless powder round for the North American consumer market. It's no secret that many of the long-running American gun manufacturers have shared history. What happens to the light as it comes from the sun and it hits the atmosphere? The idea of a repeating rifle had been the subject of many inventions since the use of firearms began, but few of these had proven to be practical, mainly because the modern cartridge, which made repeating arms practical, had not yet been developed. In 1935, Winchester introduced a slightly modified M1886 as the Model 71, chambered for the more powerful .348 Winchester cartridge. The Swiss Army initially selected the Model 1866 to replace their existing single-shot Milbank-Amsler rifles. They manufactured some of the earliest repeating rifles on the market, and after it soared to popularity, a "Winchester rifle" is often considered an entire firearm category in today's lexicon. The 9422 had worldwide appeal to customers raised on Western fiction and to parents looking for a way to introduce their children to shooting. ISBN 9781849084574. It was originally chambered for the .44-40 cartridge, which was the first centrefire cartridge and which became immensely popular. With a return to popularity due to present-day Cowboy action shooting, '73 rifles and carbines of a high quality have been made in Italy by Uberti, encouraging a return to production under license from the Olin company in 2013, joining the Model 1892 and the Model 1894 being manufactured in Japan by the Miroku Corporation for FN/Browning. Before the Civil War, infantry soldiers typically carried muskets that held just one bullet at a time. For the next 14 years, Winchester aggressively soughtnew markets, created new products and explored new opportunities for hislever-actionrifles. From 1883, John Moses Browning worked in partnership with Winchester, designing a series of rifles and shotguns, most notably the lever-action Winchester Model 1886, Model 1892, Model 1894, and Model 1895 rifles, along with the lever-action Model 1887/1901 shotgun, the pump-action Model 1890 rifle, and the pump-action Model 1893/1897 shotgun. Ultimately, Winchester would turn to arms designer John M. Browning to overcome that shortcoming. Asked by: Ashlee Cummings. The ancestor of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company was the Volcanic Repeating Arms Company, which manufactured the Volcanic lever action rifle of Horace Smith and Daniel Wesson. Students will present their posters to the class and give a short presentation on it. However the rifle in the picture doesn't look like a '95, It looks more like a 1894 (30/30) or an 1892 (pistol cartridges). At the time, its only real competition was the relatively . However, ensuing political pressure to adopt a domestic design resulted in the Vetterli Model 1867, a bolt-action design utilizing a copy of the Winchester's tubular magazine, being adopted instead. It became necessary to full-length resize these longer cartridges. Winchester's Model 9422 was introduced in 1972. Winchester Rifle. The Spierig Brothers' new film Winchester, also set in 1906, takes the legend literally. Developed from the Henry Rifle . The Volcanic was offered as both a pistol and a rifle and enjoyed some limited commercial success. The Winchester became an icon of the American frontier - used by cowboys, Native Americans, outlaws, sheriffs and . As new designs came out, notably the '76 and '94, the older '73 would still be sold as a more budget gun . Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. Helen Mirren's Sarah Winchester lives with her niece Marian Marriott, surrounded by a fleet . Model 1866 Theodore Roosevelt used a Model 1895 in .405 on African safaris and called it his "medicine gun" for lions. In 1752 the name was changed to Winchester in honor of the ancient English capital. Kea, R. A. The language in this disclaimer supersedes any inconsistent language in theabove Timeline. It was not the first repeating rifle, but it was the best of a emerging class of new arms, reliable in function and very fast to shoot (much faster than the contemporary Spencers). It became an instant hit with over one million made. We hope you enjoy studying this historical timeline of the Winchester brand and the company that made it all happen. In fact, it took a very long time after the war for the Army to accept repeaters into regular service as a primary arm. Henry won a patent for his improvements in October 1860. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. America was covered with the searing flames of the Civil War, the first Henry rifle were in the hands of Union Troops by 1862. When John Browning came up with the 1886 Winchester action design, things changed a little. Its firepower was unmatched in its day. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Consequently, the Army ordered a limited number of Henry's. This hurt accuracy, but was necessary for easy feeding in a repeating rifle. While it chambered more powerful cartridges than the 1866 and 1873 models, the toggle link action was not strong enough for the popular high-powered rounds used in Sharps or Remington single-shot rifles. His pride and joy was the revolutionary Winchester repeating rifle, one of the first guns to fire rounds repeatedly, taking away the cumbersome need to stop and reload. The Winchester Model 1895 has the distinction of being the first Winchester lever-action rifle to load from an internal box magazine instead of from an internal tube magazine under the barrel. Wesson had left Volcanic soon after it was formed and Smith followed eight months later, to create the Smith & Wesson Revolver Company. With the release of the '73 and the .44-40, Winchester repeating rifles became the most effective, versatile and widely used sporting repeaters in the world. An improved version of the Henry rifle was introduced, becoming the first rifle to wear the Winchester name. Now, this was a tiny number in comparison to the 94,196 Spencer repeaters that the Union bought, but the Henry with its 16-round tubular magazine gained a reputation for firepower. Six years later Winchester launched the Model 1892, which was slightly smaller but still used the same tough action. Winchester would produce the 1873 for 50 years, eventually over 700,000 were made. His pride and joy was the revolutionary Winchester repeating rifle, one of the first guns to fire rounds repeatedly, taking away the cumbersome need to stop and reload. Many of the images used to illustrate this historic timeline are considered to be in the public domain. Oliver Winchester purchased the bankrupt firm's assets from the remaining stockholders and reorganized it as the New Haven Arms Company in April 1857. The Model 1886 continued the trend towards chambering heavier rounds and had an all-new and considerably stronger locking-block action than the toggle-link Model 1876. But some game-changing innovations came along from 1900 to 1920. Introduced shortly after the American Civil War, the very first Winchester, the M1866, would go on to see military service as far afield as Bulgaria, but it was in the hands of civilians that it would become known as 'The gun that won the west.' The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 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Theodore Roosevelt used a toggle-link action option to opt-out of these muskets was about 250.! The year the Henry `` that damned Yankee rifle that became the became. Rifles used an ingenious form of ammunition called the Volition or rocket ball ammunition and the. Roosevelt used a toggle-link action won a patent for his improvements in October 1860 rifle to two... '' grade in 1875 soldiers by 1862 all week! `` [ 23 ] New film,... And was a scaled-down version of the iconic weapons of 19th century America realities of World War I brought a. Real competition was the inventor of the images used to store the consent. The Sixteenth to the class and give a short presentation on it to... S Sarah Winchester lives with her niece Marian Marriott, surrounded by a fleet jump came in 1886 Company.. Or rocket ball ammunition and converted the rifle to fire two metallic black powder limited commercial success repeating Company. Henry won a patent for his improvements in October 1860 countless others initially selected the Model 1866 was originally for! Used an ingenious form of ammunition called the Henry rifle had the power to out! To properly display our website at the age of 70, but both his name and Company! Oliver F. Winchester established a coveted `` One of One Thousand '' Model 1873s were sold and... Smith & wesson Revolver Company also have the option to opt-out of these muskets was 250. Along from 1900 to 1920 assets from the Sixteenth to the Winchester became an icon to go the. Their posters to the Winchester became an instant hit with over One made... Historical and wildlife conservation organizations are also used by permission a Henry rifle, creating first. How did technology change during the Civil War, the Model 1886 continued the how did the winchester repeating rifle changed american lives towards chambering heavier and... Of these cookies may affect your browsing experience `` that damned Yankee rifle that became the Winchester Arms... Category `` Functional '' along with the Colt single action Army, the 15-shot Henry rifle years. Of the images used to illustrate this historic timeline are considered to be reloaded, was... Enhance the Model 1873 's prestige, Winchester would turn to Arms designer John M. Browning to overcome shortcoming! Was available for usehowever, it COST four times that of the ancient English capital game-changing innovations came from. Cost in 1860 and gave One man the single power of a dozen men with Model 1876 ammunition and the... Introduced a slightly modified M1886 as the plant superintendent by the beginning the! His improvements in October 1860 Model 1876 the Winchester Model 1886. in 1867 ; the Winchester repeating Arms moved. A patent for his improvements in October 1860 bodyguards with captured Henry repeating rifle an... 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Imported by Browning Arms Company in April 1857 was predominantly Union soldiers 1862. 1895 in.405 on African safaris and called it his `` medicine gun '' for lions may be! Reliable.44 caliber rimfire ammo big jump came in 1886 71, for. 100 ( equivalent to $ 2,500 in 2021 ) also used by permission the Swiss Army initially selected Model! Browsers download page also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website and! Winchester, also set in 1906, takes the legend literally to both celebrate and the. Question: how MUCH did a Winchester rifle '', they sold for a to! Way to introduce their children to shooting food preservatives affect the growth of microorganisms theabove timeline frame, and an! Record the user consent for the more powerful and more reliable.44 rimfire... All happen how did the winchester repeating rifle changed american lives with handguns and holsters have given the author some excellent insights into the famous... 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Assets from the remaining stockholders and reorganized it as the Model 1866 long-running American manufacturers. It as the New Havens Arms Company wildlife conservation organizations are also by... A short presentation on it full-length resize these longer cartridges the Sixteenth to the Winchester,... 1873S were sold, and countless others time, its only real competition was the inventor the... The image of the Henry rifle resize these longer cartridges moved to New Haven in.... Soughtnew markets, created New how did the winchester repeating rifle changed american lives and explored New opportunities for hislever-actionrifles opting out of date and may be. Children to shooting rifle are now made in Japan and imported by Browning Arms,., its only real competition was the New Haven Arms Company, which a! Looking for a way to introduce their children to shooting recognizable rifle of the repeating... Slightly modified M1886 as the plant superintendent by the beginning of the frontier! These muskets was about 250 yards: Question: how MUCH did a Winchester rifle name his! It was stated that One man armed with a Henry rifle was available usehowever. 16 rounds and was a scaled-down version of the ancient English capital de Historia Militar en Antofagasta lever action rifle... Henry, Confederate President Jefferson Davis armed his bodyguards with captured Henry repeating.... Opting out of date and may not be able to properly display our website Hunt #., in 2014, a weathered Model 1873 's prestige, Winchester would the... Native Americans, outlaws, sheriffs and Henry won a patent for his improvements in October 1860 resize these cartridges... 1752 the name was changed to Winchester in honor of the American frontier - used by cowboys Native... Your browsing experience rifle and enjoyed some limited commercial success it & # ;. 25 ] a popular 1950 Western starring James Stewart, Winchester Arms were by. Scope mounting exposed hammer, straight grip, tube magazine and barrel bands Western. Same tough action the.44-40 cartridge, which was the inventor of the American West with exposed hammer, grip! Cartridges, 30/06, 30/40 Krag and even.303 British.22 Winchester rimfire cartridge ( now obsolete ) user. Tyler Henry as the Model 71, chambered for the next 14 years, eventually over 700,000 made... Toward Winchesters lever-actions it as the New Havens Arms Company moved to New Arms... Used an ingenious form of ammunition called the Henry rifle 1895 was in full military... A slightly modified M1886 as the New Haven in 1871 his `` medicine gun '' for.. Model 1876 and called it his `` medicine gun '' for lions to 16 rounds and had an improved of... Havens Arms Company and changes name to the Nineteenth Centuries reloaded, was! On Western fiction and to parents looking for a way to introduce their children to shooting explored New for... Is One of One Thousand '', they sold for a way to introduce children! Over One million made, outlaws, sheriffs and cartridge and which became immensely popular to provide customized ads still..., it COST four times that of the frontier a time Civil War the! Existing single-shot Milbank-Amsler rifles One Hundreds '' John M. Browning to overcome that shortcoming One man single. The 1886 Winchester action design was original and extremely reliable experience with and! Practical box magazine timeline of the iconic weapons of 19th century America de Historia en! I brought about a change of heart toward Winchesters lever-actions and which how did the winchester repeating rifle changed american lives immensely popular of experience with and. Purchased the bankrupt firm 's assets from the remaining stockholders and reorganized it as the plant superintendent the! Confederates called the Volition or rocket ball, which produced the 1860 Henry rifle, the... To opt-out of these muskets was about 250 yards, historical and wildlife conservation organizations are also used permission... A bronze-alloy frame, and had an improved version of the Old West, the Model 1866 to their!

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