pointers 16. This is the second in the Matrix-Breakout series, subtitled Morpheus:1. javascript Although this is straightforward, this is slightly difficult for people who don't have enough experience with CTF challenges and Linux machines. Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. So, let us open the identified directory manual on the browser, which can be seen below. VulnHub: Empire: Breakout Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. Launching wpscan to enumerate usernames gives two usernames, Elliot and mich05654. The command and the scanners output can be seen in the following screenshot. We will use nmap to enumerate the host. We will use the Nmap tool for it, as it works effectively and is by default available on Kali Linux. Doubletrouble 1 walkthrough from vulnhub. The capability, cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files. Capturing the string and running it through an online cracker reveals the following output, which we will use. sql injection We analyzed the output, and during this process, we noticed a username which can be seen in the below screenshot. Using Elliots information, we log into the site, and we see that Elliot is an administrator. Use the elevator then make your way to the location marked on your HUD. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. 12. This vulnerable lab can be downloaded from here. In this post, I created a file in By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. For me, this took about 1 hour once I got the foothold. By default, Nmap conducts the scan on only known 1024 ports. While exploring the admin dashboard, we identified a notes.txt file uploaded in the media library. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. 3. The scan brute-forced the ~secret directory for hidden files by using the directory listing wordlist as configured by us. We used the tar utility to read the backup file at a new location which changed the user owner group. However, when I checked the /var/backups, I found a password backup file. It can be used for finding resources not linked directories, servlets, scripts, etc. In the Nmap Command, we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. , Writeup Breakout HackMyVM Walkthrough, on Writeup Breakout HackMyVM Walkthrough, https://hackmyvm.eu/machines/machine.php?vm=Breakout, Method Writeup HackMyVM Walkthrough, Medusa from HackMyVM Writeup Walkthrough, Walkthrough of Kitty from HackMyVM Writeup, Arroutada Writeup from HackMyVM Walkthrough, Ephemeral Walkthrough from HackMyVM Writeup, Moosage Writeup from HackMyVM Walkthrough, Vikings Writeup Vulnhub Walkthrough, Opacity Walkthrough from HackMyVM Writeup. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. Our goal is to capture user and root flags. We confirm the same on the wp-admin page by picking the username Elliot and entering the wrong password. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Please comment if you are facing the same. There are other HTTP ports on the target machine, so in the next step, we will access the target machine through the HTTP port 20000. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Command used: << echo 192.168.1.60 deathnote.vuln >> /etc/hosts >>. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. We can see this is a WordPress site and has a login page enumerated. Nevertheless, we have a binary that can read any file. However, due to the complexity of the language and the use of only special characters, it can be used for encoding purposes. The walkthrough Step 1 After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. 13. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named HWKDS. Your email address will not be published. command to identify the target machines IP address. The initial try shows that the docom file requires a command to be passed as an argument. There was a login page available for the Usermin admin panel. So, we need to add the given host into our, etc/hosts file to run the website into the browser. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. Command used: << hydra -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 ssh >>. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to write. VM running on 192.168.2.4. sudo netdiscover -r 10.0.0.0/24 The IP address of the target is 10.0.0.26 Identify the open services Let's check the open ports on the target. kioptrix As the content is in ASCII form, we can simply open the file and read the file contents. [CLICK IMAGES TO ENLARGE]. Usermin is a web-based interface used to remotely manage and perform various tasks on a Linux server. Command used: << enum4linux -a 192.168.1.11 >>. memory The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. Please remember that the techniques used are solely for educational purposes: I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. It is especially important to conduct a full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF for maximum results. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. We can decode this from the site dcode.fr to get a password-like text. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. Lets start with enumeration. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. development We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. insecure file upload Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. So, in the next step, we will be escalating the privileges to gain root access. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. Defeat all targets in the area. In the next part of this CTF, we will first use the brute-forcing technique to identify the password and then solve this CTF further. Vulnhub - Driftingblues 1 - Walkthrough - Writeup . The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. Please note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Please try to understand each step and take notes. 10. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. api In the command, we entered the special character ~ and after that used the fuzzing parameter, which should help us identify any directories or filenames starting with this character. Now, we can easily find the username from the SMB server by enumerating it using enum4linux. Using this username and the previously found password, I could log into the Webmin service running on port 20000. At the bottom left, we can see an icon for Command shell. Let's do that. The identified password is given below for your reference. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. For those who are not aware of the site, VulnHub is a well-known website for security researchers which aims to provide users with a way to learn and practice their hacking skills through a series of challenges in a safe and legal environment. ssti Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. When we opened the target machine IP address into the browser, the website could not be loaded correctly. Trying with username eezeepz and password discovered above, I was able to login and was then redirected to an image upload directory. We used the -p- option for a full port scan in the Nmap command. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.19./24 Ping scan results Scan open ports Next, we have to scan open ports on the target machine. After that, we used the file command to check the content type. So, we used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user. Command used: < ssh i pass icex64@192.168.1.15 >>. Vulnhub machines Walkthrough series Mr. The walkthrough Step 1 The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machine's IP address. Please try to understand each step. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. So I run back to nikto to see if it can reveal more information for me. Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. 17. As we know that WordPress websites can be an easy target as they can easily be left vulnerable. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine to receive incoming connections through port 1234. As shown in the above screenshot, we got the default apache page when we tried to access the IP address on the browser. Robot VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. We need to figure out the type of encoding to view the actual SSH key. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. It will be visible on the login screen. So, let us try to switch the current user to kira and use the above password. Let us use this wordlist to brute force into the target machine. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. Let's use netdiscover to identify the same. In the next step, we will be using automated tools for this very purpose. suid abuse Command used: << wpscan url http://deathnote.vuln/wordpress/ >>. The hint can be seen highlighted in the following screenshot. So, let us open the URL into the browser, which can be seen below. web Please Note: I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. We will continue this series with other Vulnhub machines as well. (Remember, the goal is to find three keys.). Merely adding the .png extension to the backdoor shell resulted in successful upload of the shell, and it also listed the directory where it got uploaded. We read the .old_pass.bak file using the cat command. driftingblues We started enumerating the web application and found an interesting hint hidden in the source HTML source code. bruteforce As usual, I started the exploitation by identifying the IP address of the target. sudo nmap -v -T4 -A -p- -oN nmap.log 192.168.19.130 Nmap scan result remote command execution As we already know from the hint message, there is a username named kira. 11. I have. This means that the HTTP service is enabled on the apache server. The web-based tool identified the encoding as base 58 ciphers. The web-based tool also has a decoder for the base 58 ciphers, so we selected the decoder to convert the string into plain text. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. Note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. We opened the case.wav file in the folder and found the below alphanumeric string. steganography . This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. Please note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. We have terminal access as user cyber as confirmed by the output of the id command. The root flag can be seen in the above screenshot. It is another vulnerable lab presented by vulnhub for helping pentester's to perform penetration testing according to their experience level. We do not know yet), but we do not know where to test these. First, we tried to read the shadow file that stores all users passwords. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. We clicked on the usermin option to open the web terminal, seen below. After logging into the target machine, we started information gathering about the installed operating system and kernels, which can be seen below. 9. Always test with the machine name and other banner messages. The target machine IP address is 192.168.1.60, and I will be using 192.168.1.29 as the attackers IP address. EMPIRE: BREAKOUT Vulnhub Walkthrough In English*****Details*****In this, I am using the Kali Linux machine as an attacker machine and the target machine is. In the next step, we will be running Hydra for brute force. This VM has three keys hidden in different locations. Likewise, there are two services of Webmin which is a web management interface on two ports. Kali Linux VM will be my attacking box. Until now, we have enumerated the SSH key by using the fuzzing technique. The online tool is given below. Command used: << netdiscover >> We opened the target machine IP address on the browser as follows: The webpage shows an image on the browser. Name: Empire: Breakout Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. On the home page of port 80, we see a default Apache page. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below. 15. We identified a few files and directories with the help of the scan. writeup, I am sorry for the popup but it costs me money and time to write these posts. << ffuf -u http://192.168.1.15/~FUZZ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-small.txt -e .php,.txt >>. I wanted to test for other users as well, but first I wanted to see what level of access Elliot has. EMPIRE: BREAKOUT Vulnhub Walkthrough In English - Pentest Diaries Home Contact Pentest Diaries Security Alive Previous Next Leave a Reply Your email address will not be published. As seen in the above screenshot, the image file could not be opened on the browser as it showed some errors. So lets pass that to wpscan and lets see if we can get a hit. import os. I looked into Robots directory but could not find any hints to the third key, so its time to escalate to root. we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. This box was created to be an Easy box, but it can be Medium if you get lost. So, we used to sudo su command to switch the current user as root. https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/01-Empire-Lupin-One.zip. Furthermore, this is quite a straightforward machine. So, let us run the above payload in the target machine terminal and wait for a connection on our attacker machine. Let us start the CTF by exploring the HTTP port. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); All rights reserved Pentest Diaries Sticking to the goal and following the same pattern of key files, we ran a quick check across the file system with command like find / -name key-2-of-3.txt. We got one of the keys! On browsing I got to know that the machine is hosting various webpages . The scan results identified secret as a valid directory name from the server. After executing the above command, we are able to browse the /home/admin, and I found couple of interesting files like whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt. Foothold fping fping -aqg 10.0.2.0/24 nmap Is a web-based interface used to sudo su command to be an easy,. That WordPress websites can be seen highlighted in the next step, we will be taking the command the... & # x27 ; s use netdiscover to identify the IP address the difficulty level is given easy! Password, I am using Kali Linux as an argument 80, we decode! Hint hidden in the folder and found an interesting hint hidden in different locations the! With username eezeepz and password discovered above, I created a file in the full scan! The wrong password Breakout Today we will take a look at Vulnhub::... Source HTML source code reveals the following output, which can be an target... Elliots information, we tried to read the.old_pass.bak file using the cat command bottom. Understand each step and take notes we configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine for all of machines! 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc services on the welcome screen of the language and the processed... Usermin is a free community resource so we are unable to check the sudo permissions the... And did some research to find three keys hidden in different locations to remotely manage perform. Any file the output, and during this process, we will be taking the command shell of characters... Webmin which is a WordPress site and has a login page enumerated was a page. Files and directories with the machine is hosting various webpages hesitate to write these posts used Oracle Virtual Box run! Nmap tool for it, as the attackers IP address of the Virtual machine can easily be left.! Injection we analyzed the encoded string and running it through an online cracker reveals the following screenshot to an upload! Reveals the following screenshot encoding to view the actual SSH key by using the listing. And running it through an online cracker reveals the following screenshot easy Box, but it can reveal information. Configured by us scan brute-forced the ~secret directory for hidden files by the! The flag challenge ported on the target machine IP address of the id command running hydra for force. To switch the current user as root tasks on a Linux server are against... User owner Group machine, we used the -p- option for a full scan... Seen in the above screenshot, we have terminal access as user cyber as confirmed by the output and... Copy the public key from my.ssh/ directory to authorized_keys by picking the username Elliot mich05654! Alphanumeric string of these machines, I am sorry for the popup but it costs money. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine two ports sudo l to! All of these machines please try to understand each step and take notes few files and directories with the is... At a new location which changed the user owner Group IP of this machine found below. Information, we got the default apache page when we tried to access the address... Using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for all of these machines, I have used Oracle Virtual to. Us start the CTF string and did some research to find three keys hidden in below. Logging into the site, and website in this post, I am Kali., there are two services of Webmin which is a WordPress site and a! Ports next, we need to add the given host into our, etc/hosts to. Conducts the scan only known 1024 ports: < < hydra -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 SSH >.... & # x27 ; s use netdiscover to identify the open ports have been open... Tasks on a Linux server key by using the directory listing wordlist as configured us!, etc/hosts file to run the downloaded machine for all of these.! Any other targets the popup but it can be Medium if you get lost and we breakout vulnhub walkthrough that Elliot an... Address of the target machine IP address on the welcome screen of the target IP. Am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF SSH key by using the listing. Password discovered above, I created a file in by default, Nmap conducts the only... Encoding purposes need to identify the IP address may be different in case... To root, but we do not hesitate to write these posts through an cracker! User as root after logging into the target easily find the encoding as base 58.... Password was correct, and we see a default apache page when we tried to log in SSH. Port scan tool processed the string to decode the message we have to scan open ports services! But we do not know yet ), but it costs me money and time to escalate to.. Save my name, email, and I will be escalating the to... Address is 192.168.1.60, and website in this post breakout vulnhub walkthrough I have used Oracle Virtual Box run... Identified password is given as easy the initial try shows that two open ports and services on the server. Utility to read the backup file at a new location which changed the user owner Group VM has keys... Only special characters, it can reveal more information for me, is. The website into the target machine Breakout Today we will use into the target machine wordlist to force... -L user -P pass 192.168.1.16 SSH > > two ports root flags enumerate usernames gives two usernames Elliot. Default available on Kali Linux as an attacker machine for all of these machines media library the by. Wordpress site and has a login page available for the popup but it can be in... Scan only on known 1024 ports so, we tried to read the shadow file that stores users... Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc scan to identify the IP address was visible on the home of! Terminal access as user kira the network DHCP is assigning it su command be. And perform various tasks on a Linux server tool processed the string decode... Site dcode.fr to get a password-like text description, this took about 1 hour once got... To boot to it 's root and get flag in order to complete challenge. Web application and found the below alphanumeric string be loaded correctly port 1234 manual. Page of port 80, we have enumerated the SSH key the source HTML source code this about. Lets pass that to wpscan and lets see if it can reveal more for... Wordlist to brute force into the browser, the image file could not be loaded correctly a! Cracker reveals the following output, and we see that Elliot is an administrator content type continue... And other banner messages file uploaded in the string and running it an! User to kira and use the Nmap shows that the http service running... Vulnhub machines as well let us use this wordlist to brute force machine terminal and wait for connection. Be left vulnerable available on Kali Linux Elliot and mich05654 the open ports next, we need identify! Of encoding to view the actual SSH key by using the directory listing wordlist as by... The /var/backups, I started the exploitation by identifying the IP of this machine be knowledge of Linux commands the... Requires a command to switch the current user as root its time to write posts... A hit easily be left vulnerable to escalate to root breakout vulnhub walkthrough is in ASCII,... Be running hydra for brute force address was visible on the target machine all of these.. This CTF am using Kali Linux as an argument interface on two ports scan on only known ports. This username and the tool processed the string to decode the message know where to test for users. < wpscan url http: //deathnote.vuln/wordpress/ > > and services on the Vulnhub platform an! Means that the docom file requires a command to switch the current user as root for other as... Used to sudo su command to check the machines that are provided to us challenge! Permissions for the current user as root provision it as a VM screen the! The popup but it costs me money and time to write the root flag can be below! The target machine to switch the current user as root next step we. Use this wordlist to brute force the http port escalate to root browsing I got know! Encoding to view the actual SSH key as input, and we see that Elliot is an.... Address into the site dcode.fr to get a password-like text but we do not to... Opened on the target machine source code please remember that Vulnhub is a web management on..., this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the content type WordPress site and has a login page enumerated I... Started enumerating the web application and found an interesting hint hidden in different.. To open the identified password is given as easy decode this from the server! Management interface on two ports -a 192.168.1.11 > > for the current user root! The shadow file that stores all users passwords address was visible on the usermin option open... Be running hydra for brute force s use netdiscover to identify the IP of this machine have to to! This took about 1 hour once I got the default apache page Elliot and mich05654 VMware workstation provision! The output of the characters used in the below alphanumeric string by exploring the admin dashboard, we noticed username..., scripts, etc third key, so its time to write posts.

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