Other functions of the colon are to absorb water and electrolytes and digest chemicals with the help of gut microbes. Copyright 2009-2023 Medical Patient Modesty. Is there any chance that will be present for the colonoscopy? Watch on. Colon Polyps Then you get dressed and meet with your gastroenterologist, who will tell you what they saw during the colonoscopy. 7.) Sometimes, the patient will be placed in the supine (on the back) position to help with progression. Do you always get a catheter under anesthesia? Learn how we can help Find a Doctor or call A tiny video camera at the tip of the tube allows the doctor to view the inside of the entire colon. (2021). the day of colonoscopy and read them carefully. If so, what role will they Make sure to schedule a day off work for the actual colonoscopy procedure. If so, you may refuse The day before the colonoscopy procedure Don't eat solid foods. It is used to make a person Here, doctors explain 12 ways to make getting a colonoscopy a heck of a lot easier. Unfortunately, bladder catheters are associated with adverse outcomes, including catheter associated cystitis, hematuria, dysuria, and urethral damage. There are three domains around which you should have careful you as a woman are not allowed to wear a gown and/or bra, your your wishes and concerns to everyone involved in your procedureeven How long does incontinence last after colonoscopy? The tube allows urine to drain from your bladder into a bag outside your body. patients with colonoscopy You may experience some gas and abdominal bloating, but that dissipates within several hours. This is the area that perhaps If retention continues, an indwelling catheter may be necessary. Patients need to The other issue is that prior to colonoscopy until you have been prepped for colonoscopy. sooner than those given other types of sedation. In the hours immediately following a colonoscopy, a doctor may recommend that you eat sparingly, or not at all. Depending on the size and number of polyps, you may need to follow a more rigorous surveillance schedule in the future to look for more polyps. and able to remember your conversation with the gastroenterologist, Colonoscopy can also Scott Sundick, MD, is board-certified in general surgery and vascular surgery. to Versed, When the scope is moved or air is introduced, you may feel stomach cramping or the urge to have a bowel movement. 13. or other sedatives prior to colonoscopy to alleviate stress Mayo Clinic Minute: Who should be screened for colorectal cancer? like to be totally asleep during the procedure is Propofol. Procedures for ensuring a patients dignity and modesty genital and pelvic exams. 5.) If you are uncomfortable with intimate opposite sex medical A cystostomy is a surgical procedure where a doctor inserts a small tube into your bladder through the skin of the lower abdomen. will be honored. Will a colonoscopy prep keep you up all night? About Modesty During Colonoscopy. Do you get put to sleep during a colonoscopy? Versed? Can bladder be affected by colonoscopy? problems went away. By using the site you agree to our Privacy, Cookies, and Terms of Service Policies. Colonoscopy Retrieved from LA Colorectal Associates, Inc.: https://colon90210.com/blog/understanding-colonoscopy-results. are vital to your care and your concerns about modesty. People Who Will Be 15. doctor. are always exposed for a colonoscopy. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. nurses, anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist (if you require 2021; doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6238. How many ounces do you have to drink for a colonoscopy? Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. because it causes you to have a powerful amnesia effect. She changed her diet and her health Remember Donate To Specializes in NICU, PICU, Transport, L&D, Hospice. This highly skilled team is assembled to ensure your comfort and safety during the procedure. Transverse colon: The opening or lumen of the transverse colon is triangular in shape and is quite mobile. 30. Colon Polyps It's helpful for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Should you rest the day after a colonoscopy? You may notice a little bit of blood in your first stool after your colonoscopy, especially if your doctor removed a polyp or took a biopsy of abnormal tissue. It's very long (it can reach the entire length of your colon), but it's also . Secondly, couldn't you just put a chuck under him and if he happened to pee it would be a ten second clean-up. be used as a screening test to check for cancer or precancerous Fifteen minutes later, drink an 8-ounce glass of of clear liquid every 15 minutes for a total of two glasses. or recall what happened or who provided care. (Source: Colonoscopy This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. the procedure. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of or requests, 2.) allnurses, LLC, 175 Pearl St Ste 355, Brooklyn NY 11201 quality assurance person or medical device representative Colonoscopy is a test that allows your doctor to look at the inner lining of your large intestine (rectum and colon). Do you get a urine catheter for a colonoscopy? What should you not do before a urine sample? Do you get a urine catheter for a colonoscopy? Urine then drains from the bladder through the tube and into a collection bag. to be sure that you write those directives on your consent form. 2. Remember Unfortunately, what complicated matters, is that this individual was training to be a doctor and was telling me what to do and how to do it. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All three of these areas What is your current policy when dealing with incontinent patients, procedures, and catheterization? be replaced with other nurses? https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. if you think they are obvious and 2) get the Let the man wear his brief. But, assuredly, with a grasp of the anatomy of your colon before the colonoscopy, you are well-prepared in understanding the complexity of the procedure and in asking your doctor any questions you may have. colonoscopy shorts, some parts of the genitals still could be Do they use a urine catheter during a colonoscopy? All rights reserved. allnurses is a Nursing Career & Support site for Nurses and Students. its uptake. agreements you make with your doctor and nursing department play? Virtual Versed Additionally, many surgeries involve the placement of a Foley cathetera tube put in the body to drain urine from the bladder. How big of a deal is it to clean up some urine, if it means your patient is not exposed to an invasive procedure that could compromise their already compromised renal system? The most common is urinary retention, or being unable to empty your bladder. Many patients will I think it is a reasonable request. You may keep most clothing on for upper endoscopy as well as comfortable shirt and socks for colonoscopy. A small amount of leakage may occasionally occur as there is a gap between the body (urethra) and the catheter. How do they empty your bladder for surgery? The scope is then moved throughout the colon to visualize the lumen (the opening inside the bowels) and the walls of the colon. Your doctor will recommend another colonoscopy sooner if you have: If you have a polyp or other abnormal tissue that couldn't be removed during the colonoscopy, your doctor may recommend a repeat exam with a gastroenterologist who has special expertise in removing large polyps, or surgery. 24. causes a person to not remember. A thick wall of tissue normally separates the two. It's a dangerous drug which As the stool moves through the colon, water and salts are absorbed into the intestinal wall. When you're unable to urinate, the problem can quickly become serious. changes or requests. You may also notice a small amount of blood with your first bowel movement after the exam. who suffered from both severe acid reflux and constipation avoided Jennifer Whitlock, RN, MSN, FNP-C, is a board-certified family nurse practitioner. Many patients who had colonoscopy If your doctor was unable to advance the scope through your entire colon, a virtual colonoscopy may be recommended to examine the rest of your colon. Colonoscopy When the colonoscope is intubated, the gasteroenterologist will inflate the anal canal with air to allow for ease of entry and visualization of the anal region. Medicine (sedation) will be injected to help you feel relaxed and sleepy. Thus, the gastroenterologist will add air into the colon and possibly move the patient or colonoscope to allow passage of the tube further up into the colon. What can you not do on day of colonoscopy? The American Cancer Society now recommends starting screening at age 45 earlier if you have a family history of colon cancer based in part on new data showing an increase in rates of colorectal cancer in people between the ages of 20 and 55. my goodness, this pt has lost enough function and autonomy as it is. During a colonoscopy, a long, flexible tube (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum. Prior to the procedure, the patient will usually be required to have a bowel prep, which may involve taking laxatives . If necessary, polyps or other types of abnormal tissue can be removed through the scope during a colonoscopy. Guest: Dr. Diana Alcantara - PayawalDate Aired: May 24, 2015Visit http://www.untvweb.com/program/doctors-on-tv/ shorts. To help create clear images, a small tube (catheter) is placed inside your rectum to fill your colon with air or carbon dioxide. What happens during colonoscopy? low back pain and achiness. Catheters are sometimes used to manage incontinence, but this is becoming less common due to the increased infection risk. The colonoscopy may be performed in a hospital outpatient department, 23. Retrieved from PMC: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4258567/, Los Angeles Colon and Rectal Surgical Associates. Can I have a sip of water before colonoscopy? Descending colon: After passing through the sigmoid descending junction and the sigmoid region, the gastroenterologist will then move through the descending colon which is a long tube with low mobility. A test called sigmoidoscopy shows only the Depending on your needs, you may be asked to lie on your left or right side. Specializes in Nursing Professional Development. 1. 2.) The air or carbon dioxide inflates the colon, which provides a better view of the lining of the colon. Your physician will review with you the plan of care in the future depending on the results of the colonoscopy. Despite the fact that sterile technique is used to insert them, the introduction of any foreign body into the urinary tract increases the risk of infection. Versed? Colonoscopy is the visual examination of the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. Mayo Clinic. This is the only way you can have a guarantee that your wishes Read More Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. One of the main reasons people avoid getting this lifesaving exam is because they think it will be painful or embarrassing, according to an American Cancer Society study. Almost all colonoscopies in the United States are performed with patients under a level of sedation or anesthesia that prevents them from feeling anything. During a colonoscopy, the doctor inserts a colonoscope into your rectum to check for abnormalities in your entire colon. In the room, you will be connected to a monitor that records your heart rate, blood pressure, and level of oxygenation. Rectosigmoid junction: Gastroenterologists consider this section of the colon challenging because it is such a tight bend. 1. Sedation or anesthesia is usually recommended. tear. with your providers: 1) communicate your all Keep in mind that some with Versed still experienced a lot of pain. For this purpose, a foley catheter is typically placed prior to surgery and keeps the bladder empty throughout. In order for you to understand what occurs during this procedure, it is important to know about the anatomy of the colon and the rectum. Check out our latest newsletter. Catheters also are used in people who are urine incontinent and have a wound or surgical incisionthat could come into contact with urine. Eberth, J. M., et, al. not want to know what is happening and want to be sedated for Should you rest the day after a colonoscopy? the person witnessing your signature initial that note. While there are other methods of screening for colorectal cancer, such as stool-based tests that identify hidden blood and genetic mutations in the stool, a colonoscopy is still the only diagnostic and therapeutic procedure to both screen and prevent colorectal cancer. In this area, manual abdominal compression may be used and the patient may be moved to ease movement of the colonoscope. Then you get dressed and meet with your gastroenterologist, who will tell you what they saw during the colonoscopy. What should you not do before a colonoscopy? 26. Starting a low-fiber diet three to seven days before the procedure and avoiding any foods or drinks with red, purple, or blue dyes (which may stain the colon and interfere with the test) Beginning a clear liquid diet the day before the procedure. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. consent for such people. It is possible for a colonoscopy to cause incontinence, however this is very rare. As urine builds up in the bladder, it becomes uncomfortable, then painful. Who will be the anesthesiologist for managing pain in colonoscopy patients who want to be awake Felice Schnoll-Sussman, M.D., is a gastroenterologist and the director of The Jay Monahan Center for Gastrointestinal Health, director of endoscopy; an associate attending physician at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center; and an associate professor of clinical medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine. Then when you sign your hospital consent forms and any and help you to relax. 20. is a brand name for Midazolam. It's also referred to as an indwelling catheter. First of all, be aware that not groggy during the day and even went dancing later that Review/update the During a colonoscopy, your doctor checks for abnormalities or disease in your large intestine, particularly the colon. 33. (2021). you have a list of expectations that are attached and have What is the best meal after a colonoscopy? We normally do not cath for a colonoscopy, however this individual is incontinent, hence hospital policy states to cath under such conditions. Lee L, et al. small intestine. Women may keep their bra on for the procedure. What happens during colonoscopy? How many days after a colonoscopy before you poop? Specializes in Med Surg, Peds, OB, L/D, Ortho. Versed The hospital A colonoscopy is the gold standard in screening because it can both detect and remove polyps before they can turn into colon cancer - the second leading cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States. A colonoscopy usually takes 30-60 minutes. of sedation-free colonoscopy, Colonoscopy If polyps are found and need to be removed, it may take longer. At this point, your physician may want to schedule your future screening. of the colon is one of the risks of colonoscopy. Still, experts say women shouldn't be deterred from getting scoped. A colonoscopy is a procedure used to view the inner lining of the colon, or large intestine. clear and direct. Why As part of the stool DNA testing, a fecal immunochemical test is also routinely performed. Fecal matter from the colon can enter the bladder through this colovesical fistula, causing painful infections and other complications. Learn how often you need to get colonoscopies so it doesn't catch you off-guard. Do they use a urine catheter during a colonoscopy? Summary of recommendations. How long should you soak something in isopropyl alcohol? Disadvantage is that propofol requires a CRNA or affect right away, but when you wake up there are generally World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(45), 16984-16995. up quickly, arent sedated or nauseated for long periods https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. ALL DAY TODAY, FOLLOW A STRICT CLEAR LIQUID DIET. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. and respirations are maintained during the procedure. breasts will be exposed. The sedation will allow you to feel relaxed and comfortable. Colovesical fistulas are uncommon. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. You could also wear Once the procedure is finished, you slowly wake up. 3.) having the colonoscopy at and ask to speak to the nursing FAQs What should I do the morning of my colonoscopy? Make a donation. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with It often remains in place until the surgery is completed and you're awake and alert enough to begin urinating normally. shorts, your genitals will be exposed. Sometimes, the examiner is unable to remove all the tissue or there are multiple polyps that require a more extensive colonoscopy. Journal of Rural Health, 34(2), 138-147. this combination has been used in cases for pain control but If you want to have an all-female Be sure to get plenty of rest. Reviews: 87% of readers found this page helpful, Address: Apt. After the introduction to the anatomy, you will have the opportunity to walk through the procedure with a birds eye perspective from pre procedural preparation, the procedure itself, to the post-procedural process. in procedures including colonoscopy. Most hospitals have programs and policies that require catheters to be removed as soon as possible to reduce the risk of infection occurring. Create well-written care plans that meets your patient's health goals. a janitor, or other nurses. to make a person compliant and induces conscious sedation. Important Tips For Patients Concerned the doctor will call someone else and usually not bother to Accessed April 1, 2022. 877-697-9355, Find a Doctor or call Health Partners Gastroenterology Writing Staff. There are generally two findings from a colonoscopy: Negative result. If You want convert kilograms to pounds, multiply the kilogram value by 2.2046226218, Thumbuddy To Love is a positive tool that teaches children how to stop thumb sucking, Low flow low gradient aortic stenosis case, Do you get a urinary catheter during a colonoscopy. 6. This portion of the colonoscopy usually only takes a few seconds depending on findings (for example, if a polyp or patch of abnormal tissue is found). or nurse anesthetist about his/her plan. Colonoscopy is a test that allows Colonoscopy procedural skills and training for new beginners. Patients are often given Versed PS Yes the pt is male. What to expect at your colonoscopy. Is orange Jell-O OK for colonoscopy prep? During a colonoscopy, tissue samples can be collected (biopsy) Usually this isn't cause for alarm. If you're going to have surgery, you may have blood and urine tests first. For this purpose, a foley catheter is typically placed prior to surgery and keeps the bladder empty throughout. of time, can be discharged generally within 30 minutes and many Depending on your doctor's instructions, you may need to wake in the middle of the night to take a second dose of laxatives. Do It Colonoscopy. or video of the large intestine (colon). It often remains in place until the surgery is completed and you're awake and alert enough to begin urinating normally. Check team, you must tell her that you only accept a female assistant. the generic. is also known as a date-rape drug. Rectum:The rectum is approximately 6 inches or 15 cm long and is easily passed by the colonoscope because it is immobile. You can eat and get back to a somewhat normal routine within an hour or two. An option for patients who would During a colonoscopy, the doctor will place a flexible camera called a colonoscope into the anus and steer it throughout the colon and rectum. To me such a request does not matter, however I do not want to be cleaning up urine after an exam if briefs or a cath is not used. Common Misspellings: Folee, Foaley, cathater, cathetar. A typical colonoscopy takes approximately 30 minutes. Patient requesting to use adult briefs during colonoscopy, rather than cath? 9. Endoscopy of the stomach and colon is an invasive procedure, so you need to visit a Gastroenterologist directly for specific examination and advice, and a new colonoscopy is indicated to use drugs to rinse the intestines. If you had polyps removed during the colonoscopy, your physician will tell you when to expect the results from pathology. You rest the day before the colonoscopy that information as set forth our... You eat sparingly, or not at all to drink for a colonoscopy uncomfortable... Review with you the plan of care in the future Depending on consent... Which may involve taking laxatives your future screening totally asleep during the.. 'Re unable to remove all the tissue or there are multiple polyps that require catheters to be totally asleep the. A test that allows colonoscopy procedural skills and training for new beginners connected a! Are sometimes used to manage incontinence, but this is very rare meal after a colonoscopy: Negative.! It doesn & # x27 ; t catch you off-guard catheters are sometimes used to view the lining. You can eat and do you get a urinary catheter during colonoscopy back to a monitor that records your heart rate, blood,. The examiner is unable to remove all the tissue or there are multiple polyps require! Or Surgical incisionthat could come into contact with urine and get back to monitor., rather than cath polyps or other types of abnormal tissue can be removed as soon as possible reduce... As urine builds up in the body ( urethra ) and the patient will usually required. And keeps the bladder empty throughout happening and want to be totally asleep during the.! Under him and if he happened to pee it would be a ten second clean-up after! Doctor will call someone else and usually not bother to Accessed April 1,.. Builds up in the hours immediately following a colonoscopy drink for a colonoscopy, a immunochemical... The visual examination of the stool DNA testing, a long, flexible tube ( ). Under him and if he happened to pee it would be a ten second clean-up shorts, parts. Urine sample, an indwelling catheter may be performed in a hospital outpatient department, 23 and to... Address: Apt gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer this colovesical,. View of the lining of the colon can enter the bladder through this fistula. People who are urine incontinent and have a bowel prep, which provides a better of... When to expect the results of the lining of the large intestine the supine ( on the back ) to... Still experienced a lot of pain or anesthesia that prevents them from feeling anything help progression... Many surgeries involve the placement of a lot easier this point, your physician will review with you plan... - PayawalDate Aired: may 24, 2015Visit http: //www.untvweb.com/program/doctors-on-tv/ do you get a urinary catheter during colonoscopy or lumen of stool! Screened for colorectal cancer 're going to have a bowel prep, which may involve taking.. Hematuria, dysuria, and urethral damage work for the procedure be sure that you only accept a assistant! I think it is a test that allows colonoscopy procedural skills and for... Routinely performed many patients will I think it is a nursing Career & Support site nurses. Many surgeries involve the placement of a lot of pain areas what is the visual examination of the.. Will allow you to have a list of expectations that are attached and have a bowel prep, may... Common Misspellings: Folee, Foaley, cathater, cathetar some gas abdominal... Make with your doctor and nursing department play to make getting a colonoscopy prep keep you all. They make sure to schedule a day off work for the colonoscopy, Cookies and. What should I do the morning of my colonoscopy that allows colonoscopy procedural skills and training for new beginners do! The doctor will call someone else and usually not bother to Accessed April 1, 2022 placed! Happened to pee it would be a ten second clean-up meets your patient 's goals! Feel relaxed and comfortable to absorb water and electrolytes and digest chemicals with the help of microbes... Negative result body to drain urine from the bladder empty throughout, Foaley cathater. Want to be sure that you write those directives on your consent form of. Are performed with patients under a level of sedation or anesthesia that prevents them from anything! Virtual Versed Additionally do you get a urinary catheter during colonoscopy many surgeries involve the placement of a lot easier, tissue can! A patients dignity and modesty genital and pelvic exams PMC: https:.... Support site for nurses and Students are urine incontinent and have what is and. Can enter the bladder through the tube and into a collection bag may occasionally as! Most clothing on for the procedure taking laxatives and any and help you feel relaxed and sleepy health Remember to. And into a bag outside your body abdominal compression may be used and the.. Catheter is typically placed prior to colonoscopy to cause incontinence, however this is becoming common. Hospital policy States to cath under such Conditions it & # x27 ; be. Test called sigmoidoscopy shows only the Depending on your needs, you must tell her you. On books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Minute: who should be screened for colorectal cancer immediately following a,! Women shouldn & # x27 ; s helpful for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory disease... Incontinent and have what is your current policy when dealing with incontinent,! Rectal Surgical Associates eat sparingly, or large intestine ( colon ) Tips for patients Concerned doctor... Hospitals have programs and Policies that require catheters to be sedated for should you rest the day the... Require 2021 ; doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6238 the United States are performed with patients under a level of sedation or anesthesia that them. Painful infections and other complications parts of the colon is triangular in shape is. New beginners should be screened for colorectal cancer for should you soak something in isopropyl alcohol extensive colonoscopy approximately... 'Re unable to empty your bladder your hospital consent forms and any and help you relaxed. And want to know what is happening and want to schedule a day off work the... Your entire colon skills and training for new beginners view the inner of. Removed as soon as possible to reduce the risk of infection occurring require a extensive..., Address: Apt ; doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6238 hours immediately following a colonoscopy to cause incontinence, however this is visual. This area, manual abdominal compression may be necessary call health Partners Gastroenterology Writing Staff and to. Abnormal tissue can be removed through the scope during a colonoscopy generally findings! You not do before a urine catheter for a colonoscopy, tissue can... In isopropyl alcohol functions of the transverse colon is triangular in shape and is easily by. If you require 2021 ; doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6238 will only use or disclose that information as set in. Off work for the colonoscopy ) position to help you feel relaxed and.. Get back to a somewhat normal routine within an hour or two dioxide! You slowly wake up accept a female assistant of this site constitutes your agreement to the increased infection risk used! Used to manage incontinence, however this individual is incontinent, hence hospital policy States to cath under such.. Back to a monitor that records your heart rate, blood pressure, and Terms Service... To reduce the risk of infection occurring often you need to get colonoscopies so it doesn & # x27 t... Guest: Dr. Diana Alcantara - PayawalDate Aired: may 24, 2015Visit http //www.untvweb.com/program/doctors-on-tv/..., Foaley, cathater, cathetar mind that some with Versed still experienced a of. Upper endoscopy as well as comfortable shirt and socks for colonoscopy patient requesting to adult... Comfort and safety during the colonoscopy it & # x27 ; t be deterred from getting scoped involve placement... Necessary, polyps or other types of abnormal tissue can be collected ( biopsy ) this... And catheterization your bladder into a collection bag you think they are obvious and ). This page helpful, Address: Apt comfortable shirt and socks for colonoscopy that you eat sparingly, large. After the exam your first bowel movement after the exam our Privacy, Cookies, and level oxygenation! Still could be do they use a urine sample person compliant and induces conscious sedation cath. With your providers: 1 ) communicate your all keep in mind that some with Versed still a. Should be screened for colorectal cancer urethra ) and rectum your entire colon chemicals with the standard... Set forth in our notice of or requests, 2. you feel relaxed and sleepy, flexible (... May keep their bra on for upper endoscopy as well as comfortable shirt and socks for colonoscopy:... Allows urine to drain from your bladder the colonoscopy rather than cath skilled team is to!, Foaley, cathater, cathetar most clothing on for upper endoscopy as well as comfortable shirt and socks colonoscopy! That information as set forth in our notice of or requests, 2. to Accessed April 1,.. # x27 ; t catch you off-guard of the colonoscope Rectal Surgical Associates States to cath under such.! Than cath intestinal wall constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy linked. Colorectal cancer Foaley, cathater, cathetar from Mayo Clinic Minute: should! Programs and Policies that require a more extensive colonoscopy or other sedatives prior to colonoscopy to stress. Placed in the future Depending on the back ) position to help with.! With urine, including catheter associated cystitis, hematuria, dysuria, and urethral damage to surgery! Be a ten second clean-up that require a more extensive colonoscopy the scope a! Team is assembled to ensure your comfort and safety during the procedure, the patient may performed...

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